Exploring Artemisinin Biosynthesis Across the Artemisia Genus
Can the biosynthesis of artemisinin, currently known from Artemisia annua, be found in other members of the Artemisia genus? What evolutionary and structural insights can we gain by identifying and characterizing homologous proteins?
These questions form the foundation of my research, which aims to expand our understanding of artemisinin biosynthesis beyond A. annua. My lab will use a combination of bioinformatics, protein biochemistry, and analytical chemistry to identify and validate the presence of artemisinin biosynthesis pathways in other species of Artemisia. This project is designed to provide undergraduate students with a rich interdisciplinary research experience, drawing on skills in molecular biology, structural biology, and natural product chemistry.
Summary of Proposed Research
Project 1: Bioinformatics analysis to identify homologous biosynthesis pathways
The first step is to investigate whether the key proteins involved in artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua are conserved in other Artemisia species, such as Artemisia tridentata. Using publicly available genomic and transcriptomic data from NCBI, students will perform sequence annotation and homology analysis using tools like BLAST and ClustalW. By comparing sequences for known artemisinin biosynthesis proteins (e.g., amorpha-4,11-diene synthase and cytochrome P450 enzymes), we will identify homologous genes across the genus. This project introduces students to fundamental bioinformatics workflows and equips them with skills applicable to modern biological research.
Project 2: Protein purification and structural characterization
If homologous proteins are identified in other Artemisia species, we will express and purify these proteins in microbial systems such as Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris. Students will use chromatography techniques to isolate the proteins and confirm their structure and activity through methods like X-ray crystallography or circular dichroism spectroscopy. This project integrates biochemistry and structural biology, offering students hands-on experience with protein science.
Project 3: Detection and quantification of artemisinin in Artemisia species
To complement the bioinformatics and protein work, my lab will investigate whether artemisinin or related sesquiterpene lactones are present in Artemisia species with homologous biosynthetic genes. Using advanced analytical techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), students will extract and quantify artemisinin from plant tissues. This work bridges natural product chemistry and analytical chemistry, providing students with valuable interdisciplinary skills.
Conclusion
This research into the biosynthesis of artemisinin across the Artemisia genus addresses critical scientific and practical challenges while providing undergraduates with a dynamic and engaging research experience. By identifying new sources of artemisinin and enhancing our understanding of its biosynthetic pathways, my lab seeks to contribute to global health solutions and inspire the next generation of scientists.